The Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), also known as Tōshō, stands tall as the third largest stock exchange market in the world by aggregate market capitalization. Established in 1878, the TSE has seen its fair share of ups and downs, like any other exchange. This blog aims to shed light on its inner workings and historical significance.

At the heart of the TSE is its main board which lists over 3,600 companies as of 2023. Noteworthy are large-cap companies like Toyota, SoftBank, and Sony, which contribute significantly to the TSE’s high aggregate market capitalization. The TSE is also home to the widely recognized Nikkei 225 and TOPIX indices. The former being price-weighted, akin to the Dow Jones in the United States, and the latter, a more comprehensive index, covers all companies in the TSE’s first section.

The TSE’s history is punctuated with significant events. For instance, it temporarily closed during World War II, reopening in 1949 under the supervision of the newly formed Securities and Exchange Commission. The infamous asset price bubble of the late 1980s also left an indelible mark, as it led to what is referred to as Japan’s “Lost Decade”.

In the 1990s, Japan faced an economic stagnation. However, by the early 2000s, a new economic era beckoned. The TSE emerged from the doldrums of the 90s to present optimistic investment opportunities. Tech companies were embraced, echoing similar sentiments from the NASDAQ in the US, causing a significant increase in market activity.

The TSE wasn’t just a passive observer. It played a crucial role in shaping Japan’s economic landscape. A significant step was embracing electronic trading in 1999, in line with global stock exchanges. This technological evolution catapulted the TSE into a new realm of efficiency and accessibility.

In recent years, the TSE has taken steps towards fostering transparency and strengthening corporate governance. These measures have been designed to increase investors’ confidence, making the TSE a more attractive investment avenue.

In essence, the Tokyo Stock Exchange, steeped in history and yet innovating at every turn, continues to be a dynamic force in the global economic scene. Its resilience and adaptability paint a vivid picture of not just Japan’s economic journey, but also its undying spirit in the face of adversity.